Save energy at home

Energy conservation plays an important role in preventing environmental disasters. The problem of rational use of energy is one of the most pressing human problems. The modern economy is based on the use of energy resources, whose reserves are exhausted and non-renewable.

Every family has some impact on the environment. It was as if he was connected to a single life support system. Through the channels of this system - electricity and heating networks, water supply, gas pipelines, through trade, households, utilities, supply organizations and enterprises, we receive everything necessary for the normal maintenance of the house. And my family is no exception. If everyone takes care of the use of natural resources, saves energy, water, and reduces the use of disposable packaging materials, they will help prevent environmental catastrophes around the world.

Using my family as an example, I decided to conduct a study on saving energy consumption at home. My project helps me consciously move towards resource conservation at home, save money to pay for used resources, improve my life and achieve greater comfort.

The problem of energy saving is relevant not only for families, schools, regions, countries, but also for the whole world. Energy saving allows you to reduce your own costs and have a smaller impact on the environment. It helps to create a culture of energy saving - this is, first of all, training in practical actions, in particular, the rational use of electricity, the use of new technologies and the use of energy-efficient household appliances and electric lights.

Project objectives: Learn to use electricity in everyday life with maximum benefit and minimum cost.

Project objectives:

• Talk about the use of electricity in everyday life, why you need to save it and what methods can be used to do this.
• In the project research section, fill out the apartment's energy passport, measure and analyze power consumption.
• Determine steps to reduce energy costs.
• The subject of the study is energy saving in everyday life.

Research hypothesis: I can assume that my family can make a feasible contribution to saving energy, and therefore saving planet Earth.

The main part

Energy saving at home

What do we mean by energy saving? Energy saving is a set of measures to save and use electricity and heat rationally. Energy conservation has become one of the priority tasks of mankind due to the lack of basic energy resources, the increase in the cost of their production, as well as the consequences of global environmental problems.

Every year, the production of fuel and energy costs more and more to a person, while people are beginning to clearly realize that the senseless waste of energy and, in particular, electricity or the inefficient use of energy devices is not only immoral, but also. hit the pocket book, and the farther, the worse .

Therefore, the main principle of modern houses is energy saving. Unfortunately, we rarely think about how and how much energy we spend on solving certain problems. We often use too much energy where we can save it.

From January 1, 2011, in accordance with this law, a complete ban on the circulation of incandescent lamps with a power exceeding 100 W has been introduced. And since 2014, a complete ban on the circulation of lamps with a power exceeding 25 W has been introduced.

Why save energy?

You need to save energy to reduce your harmful impact on the environment. Unfortunately, no one can achieve energy savings just by pressing a button or switch. Of course, you can completely turn off the electricity, but how long can someone live in an apartment without energy? This may not suit anyone. Therefore, the question of how to save energy at home is of great concern to everyone, including me. But energy costs are also rising for another reason - people have more electrical equipment in their apartments and houses. Accordingly, the load on the transformer substation increases, which more often needs to be repaired or more powerful installed. Energy conservation is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly "source" of energy. This is an approach to save energy based on the use of energy saving technologies designed to reduce energy loss.

Ways to save energy

Every family can fully reduce household electricity consumption by almost half without significant damage to human comfort if they learn some useful rules and implement them systematically. The most effective method is to replace incandescent lamps with energy-saving fluorescent or LED lamps.

Equipment that is in standby mode and has not been used for a long time must be turned off (computer, TV, charger, microwave oven, etc. ). It is advisable to use the washing machine at maximum load.

You need to make a rule to turn off the lamp or chandelier when leaving the room for a long time. Boil only the required volume of water in an electric kettle and skim frequently.

Clean the dust container of your vacuum cleaner more often. Turn on the air conditioner with windows and doors tightly closed.

If you will be outside for a long time or will be leaving, turn off all electrical appliances except the refrigerator.

Desks and computers should be positioned to take full advantage of natural light.

I think that if you follow the energy saving rules developed for a certain time, then the saving method created will become a habit for the family. That's why there are energy saving stickers on the fridge and every switch has a warning sign that my sister and I painted for our house.

Research department

The number of electrical appliances in our home is constantly increasing, and so is our electricity bill. And this is not surprising, because 6 other people live at home with me. A very urgent question for us is: how to save energy in our home? And I started my experiment. The first thing I did was create an energy passport for my home. Second, I see how much electricity we spend when we live a normal life and do not monitor energy saving. And thirdly, I set conditions at home for two weeks: to save money and not waste electricity. After analyzing all the data, I suggested that my father replace the lights in some rooms of our house with energy saving ones.

My home energy passport

I analyzed the power consumption in the house, and then compiled a table of electrical household appliances with indicated power and a table of lighting lamps for all the rooms of the house.

Table of electrical home appliances most commonly used in our home:

Nope.	Device name	Use of power, W
1	Washing machine	2300
2	Vacuum cleaner	2100
3	Refrigerator	400
4	Microwave oven	1500
5	Food processor	1200
6	Oven toaster	1300
7	Blender	750
8	TV 1	67
9	TV 2	80
10	TV 3	80
eleven	Hairdryer	2000

Table of lighting fixtures for all rooms of our house:

Type of room	Type of lamp	Type of lamp	Power, W
level 1
Living room	Ceiling	LEDs	9W x 2=18W
Kitchen	Ceiling	LEDs	11 W x 12=132 W
Take a shower	Ceiling	LEDs	9 W x 5=45 W
Corridor	lamps	Energy saving	11 W x 1=11 W
Pantry	chandelier	Energy saving	11 W x 1=11 W
level 2
Room 1	chandelier	Energy saving	11 W x 3=33 W
	Table lamp	Energy saving	11 W x 2=22 W
Room 2	Ceiling	LEDs	11 W x 4=44 W 9 W x 1=9 W
Room 3	chandelier	Glowing	36 W x 1=36 W
Room 4	chandelier	Energy saving	11 W x 3=33 W
Corridor	lamps	Glowing	36 W x 1=36 W

The table shows that among household appliances, washing machines have the highest energy consumption, followed by vacuum cleaners and hair dryers, although the latter are not used as often.

Power consumption measurement and analysis

The purpose of the experiment is to calculate the cost of electricity used. The first period is normal use, the second period is savings.

Date	Read back at the beginning of the week	Meter reading at the end of the week	Electricity consumption kW/hour	price rub.
from 08. 10-22. 10. 2017	5117	5324	207	730. 71
from 23. 10-06. 11. 2017	5340	5501	161	568. 33

The adopted tariff is: 1 kW/h - 3 rubles. 53 kopecks.

Therefore, the table shows that in two weeks of economical electricity consumption, our family receives162 rubles 38 kopecks.

I have seen in practice that electricity is wasted if the appliance is plugged in but not in use, or if the appliance is in standby mode.

While working, my hypothesis was confirmed. We found ways to save electricity, however, it is difficult for family members to save light all the time, except for the older generation (grandparents). That is why at this stage energy saving is not a habit for our family, but for now only a trial condition.

I think that if you follow the rules of energy saving developed for a certain time, then the way of saving created will become a habit for our family.

Save the family budget

I decided to calculate how much energy is wasted if the appliance is turned on but not used. Knowing the power of the device, I was able to calculate the amount of electricity spent when the TV is on (and we have three of them! ) when it is not in use. If the TV is turned on and not used for only 2 hours a day, then it uses 13. 8 kWh of energy per month. During the year, this will amount to 165. 6 kW/h, and in some cases this time interval is longer and averages 6 hours, so they use energy up to 41. 4 kW/h, and throughout the year – 496. 8 kW/h. For a family budget, this ranges from 49 rubles to 146 rubles per month. Each of these years, respectively, from 585 rubles to 1754 rubles. We decided that this was a significant savings for our large family!

And one more try. Measures energy costs when equipment is in standby mode.

I unplugged the fridge and turned off the lights. Appliances remain on in standby mode: TV, washing machine, microwave oven, charger. I observed the meter reading: in 4 minutes the meter disc made one revolution. I made the calculations: 4 minutes -1 round, 1 hour - 15 rounds. If the standby mode is 20 hours a day, then the energy consumption result can be up to 180 kW/hour per year.

Conclusion: the energy audit shows that the total electricity consumption in the apartment per day is a little more than 8 kW/h, which corresponds to a monthly electricity consumption of about 240-250 kW/h. All calculations were made in autumn, when maximum energy consumption occurs due to short daylight hours. In addition, I found that electrical appliances that are turned on but not in use, or used in standby mode, use a large amount of energy. This means that by turning it off, you can reduce energy costs and save your family budget.

Conclusion

In the process of preparing the project, I not only studied and analyzed the data obtained as a result of measurements and experiments, but also took the initiative to replace outdated incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps, proving their advantages. Currently, my apartment is fully equipped with LED lighting and energy saving.

This is the simplest thing that can be done to save energy in a family; anyone can do it.

Now imagine that we managed to reduce electricity consumption by 100 W. This means that we have saved:

• coal - 48 kilograms
• oil - 33 liters
• gas - 35 cubic meters.

Studies show that if you use household appliances correctly, use energy-saving light bulbs, and do not leave appliances in standby mode, then energy costs in the family can really be reduced and the family budget can be saved.

Therefore, by studying the question of how to save electricity and practicing various energy saving methods, we are also taking care of future generations that will live on our planet.